Mikelangelo: переводы

→• Mainly photochemical damage happens with UV light shorter than 400 nm wavelength absorbed in the lens and the cornea, causing injuries at relatively low powers.

→• Burns or thermal damage occurs when tissue is heated to a point where protein denaturation takes place.

→The laser can cause biological damage [12].

→The probable hazards are given in Table 1.8:

→The standard safety steps are nec- essary for electronic and electrical equipment [40].

→Laser-related hazards include direct exposure to beam, beam reflection, fire, and smoke due to vaporization (containing chemical toxins and pathogens).

→The safety of everyone involved in the procedure, from patient to surgeon to all the staff in the operat- ing room, is of utmost importance because of the wide wavelength range, delivery methods, and maximum power levels available in present-day medical lasers.

→Laser light should be used with pinpoint accuracy.

→Therefore, removing the charred layer on the tip of fiber using wet gauze is necessary [33].

→These could absorb the laser beam and result in overheating.

→Sometimes tiny fragments of carbon tissue stick on the fiber tip.

→• Output power

→• Frequency

→• Energy density

→• Pulse duration

→• Energy per pulse

→Below are the listed parameters that the operator must consider before using a laser:

→A laser diode must be used by a professional with proper training.

→1.12 Tips Before Use of Lasers

→When there is no residual water content in the tissue and the temperature rises above100 °C, vapors of white smoke are observed [39].