→The overwhelming majority of plantar warts are histologically benign, with only rare instances of malignant transformation, such as verrucous carcinoma.11,36,46-48 Thus, plantar warts are usually diagnosed clinically.43 In cases of diagnostic uncertainty or treatment resistance, biopsy with histopathologic evaluation may be indicated.39 On histopathologic analysis, increased numbers of mitotic figures can be noted among the basal and suprabasal keratinocytes, evidencing the rapid cell replication that is occurring at this level of the epidermis in the region of HPV infection.49 The basal layer of cells also exhibits papillomatosis, in which the basal layer becomes increasingly convoluted. Cells of the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum exhibit increased numbers of proteinaceous, basophilic, granular inclusion bodies, formed by keratohyaline.11,26,36 Furthermore, there is hypertrophy of the keratinocytes, which leads to acanthosis (thickening of the epidermis).11,26,36 Hypertrophy and increased numbers of keratinocytes also lead to hyperkeratosis, seen on histopathologic analysis as thickening of the stratum corneum.11,26,27 The keratinocytes also exhibit cytoplasmic vacuoles and retain nuclei within the stratum corneum (parakeratosis).16,26,27