Donatello: переводы

→• Suspected supralevator abscess
• Persistent discharge post incision and drainage

→1 Indications
• Noncryptoglandular abdominopelvic source

→12.
9.
2.

→12.
9.
2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(Fig.
12.
14a–c)

→Secondly, they are operator-dependent, and the artifacts can some- times be misinterpreted as tracts [18].

→Endosonography, on the other hand, is inconvenient for assessing extrasphincteric and suprasphincteric tracts or secondary extensions due to the limited field view.

→The rectal wall, intersphincteric, and trans- sphincteric fistulas and their association with anal sphincters may be seen by anal endosonog- raphy [18].

→12.
9.
1 Anal Endosonography

→X-ray Fistulography has the disad- vantage of missing the secondary tract, difficulty in determining the course or location of the abscess with the sphincter complex, and diffi- culty determining the level of internal opening due to lack of accurate markers [18].

→A CT scan is insufficient for a thorough study of compara- tive fistulous anatomy.

→Unless there is air or con- trast within, CT attenuation of the pelvic floor musculature and sphincter muscles is indistin- guishable from the fistula [18].

→The fistula tract site and direction are referred to as the “anal clock”.

→At 12 o’clock in lithotomy position, it is anterior, and at 6 o’clock, it is posterior or a natal cleft [1].

→• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

X-ray Fistulography and Computerized Tomography (CT) are not used because of the suboptimal visualization of fistulas with a con- trast medium.

→• Anal Endosonography

→• Computerized Tomography

→• Fistulography

→Various imaging modalities available are:

→A surgeon must know the type of fistula he is dealing with and its path.

→Imaging helps to identify the openings and formulates the

191

fistula classification.