→For each clinical scenario, three medical treatments (glycerin film-forming ointments, nifedipine with lidocaine, and nitroglycerin) and seven operative/surgical techniques (anal dilation, botulinum toxin injection [alone or in combination with fissurectomy], open internal sphincterotomy, closed internal sphincterotomy, anoplasty ± flap, fissurectomy) were considered.